Industry in Europe

Industry development in Europe

Industrial Revolution kicked off after a series of changes root and developments that have taken place in Europe from the use of simple means to particularly in Britain, sophisticated equipment, where it came from the industrial revolution since the mid-eighteenth century and spread to the rest of Europe and North America, so that turned on the nineteenth of industrial capitalist century financial capitalism. It was for this development are important and significant results included various fields, political, intellectual, economic and social.

The Industrial Revolution began in Britain because of the coal, which was first discovered in the territory offer was the availability of labor is also an important reason .... then grown by leaps and bounds with the development of the engine and modern methods of production machines. And then it spreads in the mid-nineteenth century in Western Europe.

Most Europeans work in agriculture before the Industrial Revolution. But after the emergence of cities, factories very quickly turned into industrial cities. And the rural population began to flow to the cities to work in factories. The most recent industrial growth so enormous social transformation as the central social segment of the notables of Businessmen and Industrialists in the rapid growth began. They have accounted for those possessing most of the factories, employing workers, and management of banks, mines and markets, railway and businesses, and has become the means of production to talk at the same time pose a threat to the owners of professions and crafts skilled women and children and went to work outside the home, as the flow of unskilled workers into the industrial cities. Vaktzt city workers who are paid low wages and live in poor conditions and extreme poverty.

Workers succeeded in many countries in the acquisition of the right composition of trade unions during the nineteenth century. He started to Britain and other countries regulate the adoption of labor laws and workers in factories. It was Britain's and Germany's leading role in the development of the application of the social security legislation which guarantees workers' insurance against accidents and illness and unemployment. At the end of the nineteenth century formed trade unions and put the organization of work and labor laws in most industrialized countries.

But the question that comes to the mind of the reader, what are the evolution of the Industrial Revolution in Europe factors?

These factors could be limited to two factors:

Political factors

Political factors played a significant role in the start of the industrial revolution and especially the Revolution of 1688, where the leaders of the Revolution exiled King James II, because the majority of the British people, the Protestant has been opposed to the King biased Catholic policy, the choice of his second daughter Mary, which was espousing the Protestant doctrine in 1689, in addition to the declaration of the law rights and unification of the kingdoms of Scotland and England under Great Britain's name, and the stability of the monarchy and parliament and the church, has led to opening the door to so-called "British bourgeoisie" in the running of Britain's Affairs and the application of constitutional principles that gave workers and women the right to vote, and the formation of political parties defending the interests of workers and participate in political life, and competition among nations for control of the sources of energy, raw materials, markets and transportation routes.

Economic factors

The economic factors have played an important role in the start of the industrial revolution has resulted in increased investment in the agricultural field (agricultural revolution), and increase property space, and develop exploited to the high-yield and diversity of the production of food and possibilities techniques, has contributed to the increasing population growth has led to increased demand on industrial products and to provide financial accumulation employed in the industrial sector development, and so we see how agriculture has contributed to the development of industry, and in the industrial field resulted in the emergence of inventions, machinery and means of production that replaced the traditional methods that rely on manual labor, and the issuance of a patent which protects the rights of the inventor Law invest in his invention for a period of more than ten years to encourage people to invention. This is in addition to the appearance of shifts in production methods so that the merchant isolated from the manufacturer and has become "Almanevactorh" is a building located near the raw material of metals and energy and actuation in which workers hired, and in the social field resulted in population increase rapidly due to improved nutrition and the development of medical level Ghali in increasing Hands operating and expanding consumer market and the location of Britain as an island and the availability of energy and raw materials, particularly coal, wool and convenient climate for the textile industry.

One manifestation of this industrial revolution:

1. concentration of factories system

2 - exodus from the countryside to the cities

3 - internal and external trade growth

4 - the diversity of projects

5 - Increase monopolistic tendencies

The Industrial Revolution, the results are:

1 - Increase the amount of production

4 - improving the quality of production

5 - The high standard of living

6 - The emergence of the class struggle

7 - The emergence of trade unions

The emergence of nation-states in Europe

The evolution of the means of industrial production led to the formation of the modern state from the territory of a geographical unit one, and the people is a social environment inhabited this territory and authority exercising sovereign power in the borders of this region, and the modern state, which constitutes the basic unit in the structure of the global system originated, the source and the subject of rights and duties and the law international in Western Europe, has been a state known as the nation-state because its appearance coincided with the emergence of the national idea in the nineteenth century, it has spread outside Europe, and it was the Age of enlightenment (which was the motto Be brave and use your mind) and the logo is not a term a formality, but the term stems from the thought to express thought, and produced ideas and rational position and was the cause of many social and political revolutions that have occurred in Europe and resulted in the creation of the modern state.

One reason for the delay in the emergence of the nation-state in Europe:

1 - spread canon of thought and its dominance in the European mind, where the Europeans in Western Europe feel they are Catholics in Eastern Europe feel they are Orthodox 2-It delayed the emergence of national languages that were considered dialects slang because of the Latin language dominance 3 - control of the empires that were different peoples control and rely on the rule of families such as the Russian Empire and bilateral Empire (Austria-Hungary) and the Ottoman Empire 4 - monopoly of the clergy and nobility of culture 5 - Non-public willing to accept the principle of nationalism because of ignorance and the dominance of the church is no doubt that the Industrial Revolution represented a major turning point in history, with an impact almost every aspect of daily life, most notably, its impact on the average income on a permanent basis and the number of the population.