China

The history of the People's Republic of China

Mao Zdonگaaln founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

People's Republic of China was formally established in early October 1949. Mao Zdonگ Chairman of the Central People's government played a major role in the leadership of the SPLM.

In October 1976 it has been eliminated Maaraf the "cultural revolution", has entered a new stage in China's history. The Dnگ Xiao پanگ matters of governance. Under his leadership, China began to apply the policy of "reform and opening to the outside world" in 1979 and the focus was shifted to modernization. And by the economic and political system reform, identified through updates of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, there have been profound changes on the big features of China. And taking develops its economy developed rapidly.

Jianگ Zemin took with Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1989, led the Chinese leading group of the third generation. This group continued reform and opening-up policies, which led to maintaining the stability of the political situation of the country and the development of its economy, diplomacy and business. Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square.

In November 2002, he was elected Hu Jintao as Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the First Plenary Session of the National Conference of the Sixteenth CPC. In March 2003, the president of the People's Republic of China was elected at the first session of the Tenth National People's Congress.

Chino limits of regional changes in the People's Republic of China

Political map of China

People's Republic of China is located in the eastern part of the continent of Asia, and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. An area of ​​9.6 million square kilometers, which is the third country in the world space.

China's borders begin in the far north of the central line of the River Hailonگ northern town of Mohe (30 degrees latitude 53 degrees north), while the border in the far south are the sole Tsenگmo sea by the Nansha Southern Islands (latitude 4 ° north), stretching more than 49 degrees of latitude. Middle stretching from the Forum Hailonگ River and River Osola (longitude 135.5 degrees east longitude), and highest in the West is the plateau پamar (longitude 73.40 degrees east longitude), and extends more than 60 degrees of longitude. The distance from both south to north and from east to west over 5000 km.

Wild China 800 t borders stretches 22 kilometers, and the length of the coast of China, about 18 thousand kilometers. Land flat coasts and on this coast many excellent ports, most of which is open throughout the year. It surrounds the Chinese mainland and the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea in the east and south. The Chinese hydrography 73.4 million square kilometers. The Bohai Sea is an inland sea Chinese, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea and South China Sea are on the Pacific Ocean parties.

Scattered in the maritime regions of China 5400 Island, the largest island of Taiwan with an area of ​​36 thousand square kilometers. Followed by Hainan Island with an area of ​​34 thousand square kilometers. Located Diaoyu Island and Qu north-east of Taiwan Island in the far east of China. The spreads on the South China Sea, a large number of large and small islands, marine reefs and islands of sand known as the South China Sea islands, an archipelago located in the far south of China, known as the different positions Islands Donگha and the islands of Xisha Islands Chunگha and Nansha Islands.

China third world countries in terms of area considered after Russia and Canada. Varied climatic regions because of the breadth of its area of ​​semi-polar regions in the north to tropical regions in the south, and a fertile plain areas in the east to Sohar in the arid West. China is divided into eight geographical regions. Most of the territory populated and crowded. Protect mountain forests, the rest of the wildlife in the east of the Tibetan highlands, which includes a bear Alپanda golden monkeys and animal Takny.

Horizon and climate

South China Sea coast of Hainan.

Valley Gioژaaگo in Sichuan.

China is home to several climatic regions because of the breadth and diversity of terrain. And show more extreme climatic conditions in the desert and the Taklamakan Desert گoba, as can the temperature exceeded 38 ° m where summer days. The drop to -34 ° m at night in the winter. Blowing on China in the winter dry Windchill separated raise whirlwinds of dust laden. China's most rain falls in the summer. And falling 80% of the rainfall between the months of May and October. The summer is hot and humid in the eastern half of China, with an average temperature of 27 ° in most parts of China.

The percentage of rainfall they are generally less than 100 cm per year, most of the northern parts, and 114 cm in Shanghai. China is not only seen snow in the north, and intermittently and lightly.

The temperature drops in winter, a significant decrease in the north and the south. The January temperatures below - 18 m in both Manchuria and Tibet, and more than 16 meters on the southern coast.

Temperatures increase in July to more than 24 m in parts of China, especially in southern Manchuria. Temperatures may increase in the daytime on 38 m in the deserts of northwest China.

It reaches its peak rain fall in southeast China's rate, ranging between 100 and 200 cm per year. In the north, the rainfall rate which varies greatly from year to year.

Physiography

Tibetan highlands

These highlands are located in southwest China, and surrounded by the Himalayan range from the south and the mountains of the Pamirs to the west, the Kunlun Mountains to the north. And the summit of Everest, the world's highest peaks, and a height of 8,848 meters above sea level in southern Tibet. Tibet suffers from drought and cold weather. Most of the territory of the region, a barren rock with the exception of a small area suitable for grazing in the low lands.

Xinjiang HeightsMngulyatanl this highland desert areas of northwest China, which is rich in mineral salts, and at least for the then and the rugged territory of the population. And where there are mountain peaks rising more than 6,100 m above the sea surface, where more driest deserts. As these highlands where there is more decline from the sea in Chin.mrtfat border Almngulyhtqa level spots between the Gobi Desert and the low-land East. Practiced simple crops for the presence of a rich agricultural area. Solvents water has caused severe declines in the slopes and Ludhiana immemorial because of the softness of Trepettha.almertfat Alcherqahtaatolv these highlands of semi Shandong Peninsula and the eastern Manchuria. There are ports in the peninsula good and large stocks of coal, and there is where the finest Chinese forests that supply the country with large quantities of timber, which is bordering the eastern border Aeratih.tdm low land more fertile territory of China and productive. In this drawing peasants engaged in rice cultivation in a field awash with water flooding in the valley of the Yangtze River, which forms the southern part of the eastern lands low, wheat is the main crop in the region of East Achammalah.aloradi Almnkhvdhtqa this land between the Mongolian border, the eastern highlands, stretching south to the southern highlands. The region consists of the north to the south of the Manchurian and the North China Plain easy. There is in this region the best agricultural land and most of the large cities, as there are in easy Manchurian fertile large quantities of coal and iron ore. One of the main agricultural crops of this region, wheat. Previously, the area that suffered several devastating floods, prompting the launch of the sorrows of the people of China by name. Because of these flood the state to build several dams to prevent the continuation of the devastating floods in Central Almntqh.almertfat include wheat-growing areas such as this region, which lies near the city of Xian. And to the south of this zone Ken Laing mountains stretching across the central highlands from west to Alcherq.almertfat Allostyha a mountainous area located between the eastern low land and the Golan Tibet. Rising hills peaks more than 3,700 meters above sea level near the city of Xian. Grown in this region of wheat grain, and features other areas of the same region where the moisture is grown rice, which is the main crop in the Albulad.hod this south central highlands basin Schoanica mountains and valleys, a region surrounded by high peaks. This is the region of the best agricultural areas in China because of its climate and gentle separation-term growth. The word Sichuan rivers Alorbah.almertfat southern province dominated by green hills and mountains. This image reflects the part of the city and the River Lee Julien, one of the many mission in the central region of the waterways Alakulaim.almertfat Aljnobihchml south-eastern region of China, including Hainan Island and a series of southern mountains that are green chain. There is in this region only plain area Zi Jiang River Delta region (West River), which along with its tributaries, the main southern transportation line to China. And helps deep tropical climate and soil to make Delta an agricultural area suitable. There is a vast agricultural areas because most of the territory of the mountainous region.